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Statistica Sinica 35 (2025), 651-670

UNBIASED STATISTICAL ESTIMATION
AND VALID CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
UNDER DIFFERENTIAL PRIVACY

Christian Covington*1, Xi He2, James Honaker1 and Gautam Kamath2

1Harvard University and 2University of Waterloo

Abstract: We present a method for producing unbiased parameter estimates and valid confidence regions/intervals under the constraints of differential privacy, a formal framework for limiting individual information leakage from sensitive data. Prior work in this area is limited in that it is tailored to calculating confidence intervals for specific statistical procedures, such as mean estimation or simple linear regression. While other recent work can produce confidence intervals for more general sets of procedures, they either yield only approximately unbiased estimates, are designed for one-dimensional outputs, or assume significant user knowledge about the data-generating distribution. Our method induces distributions of mean and covariance estimates via the bag of little bootstraps (BLB) (Kleiner et al., 2014) and uses them to privately estimate the parameters’ sampling distribution via a generalized version of the CoinPress estimation algorithm (Biswas et al., 2020). If the user can bound the parameters of the BLB-induced parameters and provide heavier-tailed families, the algorithm produces unbiased parameter estimates and valid confidence intervals which hold with arbitrarily high probability. These results hold in high dimensions and for any estimation procedure which behaves nicely under the bootstrap.

Key words and phrases: Differential privacy.

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