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Statistica Sinica 28 (2018), 229-253

ALMOST THE BEST OF THREE WORLDS: RISK,
CONSISTENCY AND OPTIONAL STOPPING FOR THE
SWITCH CRITERION IN NESTED MODEL SELECTION
Stéphanie Van Der Pas and Peter Grünwald
Leiden University and CWI

Abstract: We study the switch distribution, introduced by van Erven, Grünwald and De Rooij (2012), applied to model selection and subsequent estimation. While switching was known to be strongly consistent, here we show that it achieves minimax optimal parametric risk rates up to a log log n factor when comparing two nested exponential families, partially confirming a conjecture by Lauritzen (2012) and Cavanaugh (2012) that switching behaves asymptotically like the Hannan-Quinn criterion. Moreover, like Bayes factor model selection, but unlike standard significance testing, when one of the models represents a simple hypothesis, the switch criterion defines a robust null hypothesis test, meaning that its Type-I error probability can be bounded irrespective of the stopping rule. Hence, switching is consistent, insensitive to optional stopping and almost minimax risk optimal, showing that, Yang's (2005) impossibility result notwithstanding, it is possible to `almost' combine the strengths of AIC and Bayes factor model selection.

Key words and phrases: AIC-BIC dilemma, consistency, exponential family, model selection, optional stopping, post model selection estimation, switch distribution, worst-case risk.

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