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Statistica Sinica 22 (2012), 777-794

doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5705/ss.2010.238





BIAS-ROBUSTNESS AND EFFICIENCY OF MODEL-BASED

INFERENCE IN SURVEY SAMPLING


Desislava Nedyalkova and Yves Tillé


University of Neuchâtel


Abstract: In model-based inference, the selection of balanced samples has been considered to give protection against misspecification of the model. A recent development in finite population sampling is that balanced samples can be randomly selected. There are several possible strategies that use balanced samples. We give a definition of balanced sample that embodies overbalanced, mean-balanced, and $\pi$-balanced samples, and we derive strategies in order to equalize a $d$-weighted estimator with the best linear unbiased estimator. We show the value of selecting a balanced sample with inclusion probabilities proportional to the standard deviations of the errors with the Horvitz-Thompson estimator. This is a strategy that is design-robust and efficient. We show its superiority compared to other strategies that use balanced samples in the model-based framework. In particular, we show that this strategy is preferable to the use of overbalanced samples in the polynomial model. The problem of bias-robustness is also discussed, and we show how overspecifying the model can protect against misspecification.



Key words and phrases: Balanced sampling, finite population sampling, polynomial model, ratio model, robust estimation.

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